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<immunology> A state of altered reactivity in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance. Hypersensitivity reactions are classified as immediate or delayed, types I and IV, respectively, in the Gell and Coombs classification of immune responses.
This entry appears with permission from the Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology
(11 Mar 2008)
| Hypersensitivity Classification and external resources |
|
| ICD-10 |
T78.4 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 995.3 |
| DiseasesDB | 28827 |
| MeSH | D006967 |
Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction) refers to undesirable (damaging, discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal) reactions produced by the normal immune system. Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host. The four-group classification was expounded by P. H. G. Gell and Robin Coombs in 1963.[1]
| Type | Alternative names [2] | Often mentioned disorders[2] | Mediators[2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Allergy (immediate) |
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| 2 | Cytotoxic, antibody-dependent |
|
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| 3 | Immune complex disease |
|
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| 4 | Delayed-type hypersensitivity[3] (DTH), Cell-mediated immune memory response, antibody-independent |
|
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This is an additional type that is sometimes (often in Britain) used as a distinction from Type 2.[4]
Instead of binding to cell surface components, the antibodies recognize and bind to the cell surface receptors, which either prevents the intended ligand binding with the receptor or mimics the effects of the ligand, thus impairing cell signalling.
Some clinical examples:
The use of "Type 5" is rare. These conditions are more frequently classified as Type 2, though sometimes they are specifically segregated into its own subcategory of Type 2.
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